With the awareness of environmental protection and energy conservation, how to design high-performance and environmentally friendly green power has become the primary problem for engineers. In order to help engineers solve this problem, this site collected a series of articles on power switch design skills, and gave a detailed explanation of the power switch design skills.
One of the ten examples of power supply design skills: choose the best working frequency for the power supply
Choosing the best operating frequency for the power supply is a complex trade-off process that includes size, efficiency, and cost. In general, low frequency designs tend to be the most efficient, but they are the largest and most costly. Although increasing the frequency can reduce the size and reduce the cost, it will increase the circuit loss. Next, we use a simple step-down power supply to describe these trade-offs.
We start with a filter component. These components occupy most of the power supply volume, while the size of the filter is inversely proportional to the operating frequency. On the other hand, each switching conversion is accompanied by energy loss; the higher the operating frequency, the higher the switching loss and the lower the efficiency. Second, higher frequency operation usually means that smaller component values ​​can be used. Therefore, higher frequency operation can bring significant cost savings.
Figure 1 shows the relationship between the frequency and volume of the buck power supply. At a frequency of 100 kHz, the inductor occupies most of the power supply volume (dark blue area). If we assume that the inductor volume is related to its energy, then its volume reduction will be proportional to the frequency. The above assumptions are not optimistic in this case because the core loss of the inductor at a certain frequency is greatly increased and the size is further reduced. If the design uses ceramic capacitors, the output capacitor volume (brown area) will decrease with frequency, ie the required capacitance will decrease. On the other hand, input capacitors are often chosen because of their ripple current rating. This rating does not change significantly with frequency, so its volume (yellow area) can often be kept constant. In addition, the semiconductor portion of the power supply does not change with frequency. Thus, passive devices can occupy most of the power supply volume due to low frequency switching. When we switch to a high operating frequency, the semiconductor (ie, the semiconductor volume, the light blue region) begins to occupy a large proportion of space.
Figure 1: The size of the power supply components is mainly occupied by semiconductors.
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