As the responsibilities of fire departments continue to expand, more incidents now involve rescuing people trapped in elevators due to malfunctions. However, many firefighters lack sufficient knowledge about elevator structures and working principles, leading to improper handling of such situations. Often, they resort to using demolition tools to open elevator doors, which can cause unnecessary damage to the equipment and lead to conflicts with building owners or maintenance teams.
Therefore, it’s crucial for firefighters to study these types of accidents thoroughly and adopt appropriate rescue methods based on the specific situation. This not only ensures the safety of trapped individuals but also minimizes property damage and public dissatisfaction.
Types of Elevator Accidents:
1. Door System Failures: These are the most common type of elevator accident, accounting for around 80% of all cases. The frequent operation of the door lock system leads to wear and tear, making it prone to failure. If not maintained properly, this can result in passengers being trapped inside the elevator.
2. Bottoming or Topping Accidents: These occur when the elevator car moves beyond its normal range—either falling too low or rising too high. Such events can be dangerous and may cause serious injuries due to the impact forces involved.
3. Other Accidents: These include issues like malfunctioning sensors, stuck doors, or other technical problems that can trap people inside the elevator.
Rescue Measures:
1. Using the Triangle Key: Firefighters should use the special key provided by the elevator manufacturer to open both the landing and car doors. Before doing so, they should communicate with the trapped individuals to keep them calm and ensure their safety.
2. Using the Traction Machine: In some cases, the elevator can be moved slowly using the emergency operating device. This requires careful control to avoid further complications during the rescue process.
3. Opening the Safety Window: If the traction system fails, the safety window on top of the elevator can be used as an alternative exit. This method involves accessing the roof through the elevator shaft and opening the window from above.
4. Breaking the Door: As a last resort, if the door cannot be opened normally, firefighters may need to use specialized tools to break the door open carefully and safely.
Important Considerations:
1. Stabilizing the Trapped Individuals: Keeping the trapped people calm is essential. Communication through walkie-talkies or phones helps reduce panic and improve cooperation during the rescue.
2. Collaborating with Professionals: It’s important to work with elevator maintenance personnel who have the necessary expertise and tools to handle the situation safely.
3. Preventing Secondary Damage: After the rescue, the elevator should be inspected and repaired before being used again to prevent future incidents.
4. Minimizing Demolition: Whenever possible, non-destructive methods should be used to avoid unnecessary damage to the elevator system.
5. Training and Research: Firefighters should continuously study elevator systems and participate in relevant training programs to enhance their ability to respond effectively to such emergencies.
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