The driving methods of OLEDs are divided into active driving (active driving) and passive driving (passive driving).
First, passive drive (PM OLED)
It is divided into a static drive circuit and a dynamic drive circuit.
(1) Static driving mode: On a statically driven organic light emitting display device, generally, the cathodes of the respective organic electroluminescent pixels are connected together, and the anodes of the respective pixels are separately led out, which is the connection mode of the common cathode. To make a pixel glow, as long as the difference between the voltage of the constant current source and the voltage of the cathode is greater than the pixel illumination value, the pixel will be illuminated by the constant current source. If a pixel does not emit light, its anode is connected. On a negative voltage, it can be turned off in reverse. However, cross-effects may occur when there are many changes in the image, in order to avoid the need for us to adopt the form of communication. The static drive circuit is generally used for the drive of the segment display.
(2) Dynamic driving mode: On the dynamically driven organic light-emitting display device, the two electrodes of the pixel are made into a matrix structure, that is, the electrodes of the same nature of a horizontal group of display pixels are shared, and the same group of vertical display pixels are the same. The other electrode of nature is shared. If the pixels can be divided into N rows and M columns, there can be N row electrodes and M column electrodes. The rows and columns correspond to the two electrodes of the illuminating pixel, respectively. That is, the cathode and the anode. In the process of actual circuit driving, it is necessary to illuminate line by line or to illuminate the pixels column by column, usually by progressive scanning, line scanning, and column electrodes are data electrodes. This is achieved by cyclically applying pulses to each row of electrodes while all column electrodes give a drive current pulse for the row of pixels, thereby enabling display of all pixels in a row. The row is no longer in the same row or the same column of pixels is added to the reverse voltage so that it is not displayed to avoid "cross-effect". This scanning is performed line by line, and the time required to scan all the lines is called the frame period.
The selection time for each line in a frame is equal. Assuming that the number of scanning lines of one frame is N and the time for scanning one frame is 1, the selection time occupied by one line is 1/N of one frame time. This value is called the duty ratio coefficient. At the same current, an increase in the number of scanning lines will lower the duty ratio, thereby causing an effective drop in current injection on the organic electroluminescent pixel in one frame, which degrades the display quality. Therefore, as the number of display pixels increases, in order to ensure display quality, it is necessary to appropriately increase the driving current or to employ a dual-screen electrode mechanism to increase the duty ratio coefficient.
In addition to the common cross-effect of the electrodes, the mechanism of positive and negative charge carriers combined to form luminescence in an organic electroluminescent display allows any two luminescent pixels to be directly connected to any one of the functional films that make up their structure. The two illuminating pixels may have mutual crosstalk, that is, one pixel emits light, and the other pixel may emit weak light. This phenomenon is mainly caused by the poor uniformity of the thickness of the organic functional film and the poor lateral insulation of the film. From the perspective of driving, in order to mitigate this unfavorable crosstalk, it is also an effective method to take the reverse cut-off method.
Display with grayscale control: The grayscale of the display refers to the level of brightness between black and white images of black and white. The more gray levels, the richer the image is from black to white, and the more detailed the details. Grayscale is a very important indicator for image display and colorization. Generally, the screens for grayscale display are mostly dot matrix displays, and the driving thereof is mostly dynamic driving. Several methods for realizing grayscale control are: control method, spatial grayscale modulation, and time grayscale modulation.