Stepper motor interference problem solving method - Database & Sql Blog Articles

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Stepper motors often operate at high current and voltage levels, such as a motor with a maximum output of 8A and 325V. If the housing is not magnetically shielded—commonly made of aluminum alloy—it can become highly sensitive to the receiver system. This sensitivity may lead to electromagnetic interference (EMI), which can prevent the motor from functioning properly and disrupt the power supply. At higher frequencies, this interference might even cause communication failures between the MCU (Microcontroller Unit) and the host computer in the control system. In severe cases, it could result in an MCU crash, making normal operation difficult. Therefore, addressing this interference issue is crucial.

1. Installing a power filter can help reduce AC power supply pollution. This ensures that the electrical input remains stable and minimizes the risk of EMI affecting other components.

2. Implementing the “one point grounding” principle is essential. This involves connecting the cable shield, the driver’s PE (ground), the control pulse PULSE-, the direction pulse DIR-, and the motor ground wire to a single grounding point on the chassis wall. It’s important that the driver is insulated from the chassis base, and all connections must be secure and well-contacted to avoid signal degradation or noise buildup.

3. To minimize interference, keep the control lines, power lines (L, N), and motor drive lines (U, V, W) as far apart as possible. Avoid crossing them wherever possible. For example, in a two-axis drive system within the same chassis, you can install the drivers so that one faces forward and the other backward. This arrangement helps maintain shorter and more organized wiring, reducing the chance of cross-talk and interference.

4. Using shielded cables is another effective method to reduce both external interference and internal noise. Shielded wires protect the signal integrity by blocking unwanted electromagnetic signals from entering the system, especially when dealing with power cords or long-distance signal transmission.

By following these steps, you can significantly improve the stability and performance of your stepper motor system. Proper grounding, shielding, and routing of cables are key factors in ensuring reliable operation and minimizing the risk of failure due to electromagnetic interference.