In a three-phase four-wire electrical system, the vector sum of the three phase currents is theoretically zero, meaning Ia + Ib + Ic = 0. When a current transformer is installed in such a system, no current is induced because the phasors cancel each other out. However, in the event of an electric shock or a leakage fault, a residual current flows through the circuit. At this point, the vector sum of the three phase currents is no longer zero: Ia + Ib + Ic = I_leakage. This imbalance generates a current in the secondary winding of the transformer, which is then amplified by the detection circuit. The amplified signal is compared with a pre-set threshold value for the protection device. If the detected current exceeds this threshold, the sensitive relay activates, triggering the circuit breaker to disconnect the power supply. This type of transformer is known as a zero-sequence current transformer, as it detects the zero-sequence current that arises due to imbalances in the system.
The image shown here illustrates two key components: a probe current voltage pin (420*4450 head diameter, 5.0mm) designed for high-precision current and voltage measurements, and a photocoupler used for electrical isolation and signal transmission. These components are essential in ensuring accurate and safe operation of the system. The visual display includes multiple images of these parts, allowing users to view different angles and details for better understanding.
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