In recent years, China has made significant strides in the realm of supercomputing, with the "Light of Shenwei·Taihu Lake" claiming the top spot in the international supercomputer rankings yet again. This achievement highlights China's growing prowess in developing high-performance computing systems using domestically produced chips. The picture accompanying this article showcases this remarkable accomplishment, symbolizing a proud moment for Chinese technology.
As reported by Zhang Baoshu for the "People's Daily Overseas Edition" (08th edition, August 19, 2017), this supercomputer's operating speed surpasses Intel's most advanced 14-nm commercial silicon transistors by threefold, while consuming just a quarter of the energy. This groundbreaking performance is thanks to carbon nano-transistors developed by a team led by Professor Peng Lianhu of Peking University. This innovation could pave the way for commercial carbon-based chips, enabling China to catch up with global leaders in the semiconductor industry.
The creation of carbon nano-transistors marks a monumental success for Chinese scientists striving to reach international standards. It serves as a new milestone in China's information technology development. Since the dawn of the new millennium, particularly since 2008, China has been committed to establishing its own high-end chip industry chain. Through relentless efforts, not only has China achieved phased progress in chip research and development, but it has also made substantial advancements in the cutting-edge field of carbon nano-transistors, laying a robust foundation for achieving world-class status.
At the heart of the modern information society lies the "chip," a term we are all familiar with. To understand its significance, we must first grasp the concept of "integrated circuits." An integrated circuit is a miniature electronic device or component where transistors, resistors, capacitors, and other elements are interconnected and fabricated onto a semiconductor wafer. This results in a micro-structured unit with specific circuit functions, marking a crucial step toward miniaturization, reduced power consumption, enhanced intelligence, and increased reliability. A "chip" typically refers to the carrier of an integrated circuit, representing the culmination of its design, manufacture, packaging, and testing. Thus, the evolution of Chinese chips mirrors the trajectory of China's integrated circuit development.
Ye Tianchun, Director of the Institute of Microelectronics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, emphasizes the critical role of chip technology in driving industrial and national security. He asserts that without high-end chips, true industrial security and national security cannot be achieved. Integrated circuits are the foundation of the information age, essential for everything from computers and smartphones to medical devices and robotics. They are often referred to as the "food" of modern industry.
Recognizing the strategic importance of chip technology, China has embarked on a path of self-reliance through independent innovation. In 2000, the State Council issued policies encouraging the development of the software and integrated circuit industries. By 2008, key national science and technology projects were initiated, including those focused on core electronic devices, high-end general-purpose chips, and basic software. The establishment of a 120 billion yuan integrated circuit industry investment fund in 2014 further bolstered these efforts. These initiatives aim to leverage the strengths of the socialist system while fostering market-driven innovation.
Despite these achievements, challenges remain. In 2016, China imported over $342.5 billion worth of ICs, far exceeding its oil imports, while exporting only about $61.4 billion. This trade imbalance underscores the need for China to produce more high-end chip products. Moreover, foreign countries have tightened their technological barriers, exemplified by bans on exports to China under various pretexts.
Looking ahead, China aims to achieve international parity in its IC industry chain by 2030. Key projects are focusing on advancing 7-5-nanometer technology and three-dimensional memory, aiming for industrialization by 2018. With continued investment and innovation, China is poised to lead in integrated circuit ultra-fine processing, potentially reshaping the global tech landscape.
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