Alan Mathison Turing (June 23, 1912 - June 7, 1954), a British mathematician and logician, is known as the father of computer science and the father of artificial intelligence.
Main honorsIn 1926, Turing was admitted to the famous Shepherd Public School in England, and he won the King Edward VI Mathematical Gold Shield Medal in high school.
In 1932, he won the famous Smith Mathematical Award in the UK.
In 1946, because of his great contribution to the deciphering of the German code in World War II, saving the country played a key role and was a "great person." Obtained the "British Empire Medal", the highest honor medal awarded by the British royal family for making great contributions to the country and the people.
Turing representative works"On the application of digital computing in decision-making problems", "Can the machine think?" "Talk about the microscope" "The equivalent of the cyclical left and right"
Â
The death of TuringIf Alan Turing is still alive, this year he should have passed his 100th birthday. It is a pity that the clock of the life of the father of computer science and artificial intelligence stopped at the golden age of creativity.
The time was fixed on June 8, 1954. On that day, lying on his bed, he was found to have stopped breathing, and there was a bite of apple on the bedside - soaked with poisonous cyanide inside.
The mysterious death of Turing is still an unsolved mystery. Although there are some reasons for this to be guessed, there is still no clear clue as to what forced the 42-year-old to leave the world. No one even knows what happened in the last few days of Turing's life.
Turing's mother did not believe that her son would self-contain, insisting that he only accidentally eat cyanide-coated apples during chemical experiments, because her "Allen" had the habit of biting nails since childhood. However, people still believe in the death of the coroner's decision - suicide.
In fact, Turing had been very upset in the last two years of his life. One day in 1952, Turing, a researcher at the University of Manchester, was alarmed for being stolen from his home, but he was pulled out of his "comrade" status and arrested. It is hard to imagine today that in the United Kingdom at the time, homosexuality was not only a statutory crime that was insulting and intolerable, but also regarded as a "cold war" in the context of suspected suspicion, espionage crisis and blackmail extortion. A threat to national security that leads to an innocent "safety record."
After the crime of “serious defamation†was determined, Turing was forced to make a choice between the following two options: either to serve a two-year prison or to receive a hormone injection. In order to continue scientific research and to take care of his face, he chose the latter, the so-called "chemical castration" that the government pushed to solve social problems by chemical means.
At this time, although someone specifically mentioned and testified to the court, Turing had won the British Empire Medal, a national treasure scientist, and "one of the most profound and purest mathematicians in the world", but it did not help, even, but also To escalate the "scandal" - when a local newspaper reported the matter in the headline, it used the title: "University professors must be subjected to chemical castration when they are suspended."
As you can imagine, all kinds of shackles will soon follow. Although he is a rare genius, he is now excluded from all computer-related development work; the serious side effects of hormone injection also change his gender characteristics and body, making others look He is strange, and he is the object of discrimination and ridicule. What happened next was the sigh of sighs described in the opening paragraph of this article.
Turing’s outstanding thoughts and great contributions, after his death, were known to more people and gradually entered the public eye. One of his important achievements was little known in the past due to factors such as secrecy: During World War II, Turing had secretly participated in the work of deciphering the German code, playing a key role in the victory of the Allies in the Atlantic battlefield. It is legendary that due to the timely deciphering of the password, the Allies sometimes learned that the time of the German combat plan was even earlier than the German generals!
Turing’s “decryption†contribution actually leads to a genius idea about computers and artificial intelligence. He collaborated with his colleague in the development of 1943, the deciphering machine "giant" with the type of information storage quickly read from the tape, is the prototype of the early electronic digital computer. He is the "winner of the victory in World War II" and the pioneer of computer theory research and the founder of modern computers.
As far as Turing was concerned, after the development of electronic computers in the 1940s, questions about computer intelligence were often involved in endless debates involving free will, ethical standards, and definitions of life. In 1950, Turing skillfully avoided these arguments and proposed a test method to identify whether a machine has the ability to think.
In a classic paper published in October of this year, he proposed a hypothesis: in the absence of contact with each other, an interlocutor through a special way (typewriter with telegraph communication function), with one person and one at the same time Computer communication, that is, a series of questions and answers with the other party. If, for a long time, the interlocutor cannot judge whether the other person is a person or a computer based on these questions and answers, then the computer can be considered to have human intelligence, that is, the computer can think. This is the famous "Turing test."
This "simulation test game" shows us how a clever questioner can explore a "mixed" machine in a real person by drawing out some subtle, sometimes even emotional, answers. The theoretical basis is that artificial intelligence machines should be able to understand and learn to imitate human intelligence, that is, based on the fact that human beings have intelligence, judge by comparing the behavior of the machine with the behavior of human beings. Today, the Turing test has been widely used as a criterion for determining whether a machine can think (or "thinking" or "showing intelligence").
On September 10, 2009, under the joint petition of thousands of people, British Prime Minister Gordon Brown officially represented the British government and publicly apologized for the improper disposal of Turing.
A dead person, life has been fixed. You have plenty of room and time to explain him. He will no longer distort your growth path.
greatIn the world of computers, Turing is famous for its existence. He is known as the "father of computers." The highest award in the computer world, the Turing Award, is named after him. In 1999, Time magazine named Turing "one of the most important hundred people in the twentieth century." Because today, we all work on a "Turing machine." Turing’s more legendary story took place in the Second World War.
He succeeded in deciphering Nazi Germany's complex and rigorous cryptosystem, leaving Hitler's war deployment naked to the Allies. It can be said that he used his own genius to change the fate of the whole of Britain and even the whole mankind.
It is great to be able to achieve these two achievements alone, but this is far from being the whole of Turing.
• In the field of modern technology, he is also known as the “father of artificial intelligenceâ€. For the first time, he proposed the concept of "machine thinking", which is recognized as the starting point of artificial intelligence.
• In mathematics, he solved Hilbert's “calculability and special judgment problems†that have plagued the mathematics world for 30 years, and is an important milestone in the history of mathematics;
• In biology, he was the first to touch on the self-organization of complex systems. He first proposed such a topic: How did a “chemical soup†in a disorderly disorder create life? Now, this subject is still the frontier in the natural sciences.
• In philosophy, many of his propositions based on artificial intelligence and complex systems are still important topics for philosophers to think and debate.
Computers, artificial intelligence, complex systems... The power of Turing is not in what problems he solved, but in that he has created a whole new set of scientific directions for human beings.
After 60 years of his death, these directions are still the most pioneering and cutting-edge research areas of mankind.
Sufficiently uniqueThe life of Xueba is often dull. But this does not apply to Turing, Turing's wonderful even beyond his era. His most touching story is his homosexual orientation and his death.
• Turing who loves men
He has been obsessed with men for a lifetime and never hides. When he was chatting with a colleague, he even asked directly: "Are you gay?" Since he was 16 years old, he has been searching for true love in the same sex throughout his life. In 1951, Turing met his last companion in life, a 19-year-old unscrupulous unemployed boy. But this boy, brought him to the apex of the tragedy of life.
Shortly after cohabiting with the boy, Turing found the boy stealing his belongings and called the police. But in the investigation, the police discovered Turing's homosexual orientation. In the United Kingdom in 1951, homosexuality was a serious violation of the law. Turing was sentenced by the court to carry out chemical castration. On the morning of June 8, 1954, Turing died in his bedroom. There was a bite of apple on the bed, and the apple had highly toxic potassium cyanide. Is it suicide? Is it an accident? Still murder? For 60 years, there has been constant debate about Turing’s death, and all parties have their own evidence. This became the biggest suspense murder case in the history of human science.
Enough to be trueLiving out of yourself often requires great courage.
When the police investigated Turing’s homosexual orientation, he asked him to write a copy of the “criminal factsâ€. Turing finally handed over a beautiful five-page essay, depicting the whole process and details of his "conception" with a smooth writing. This "pornography" shocked the police: "He is a real heresy...he really believes his actions are not guilty."
This is Turing. In the eyes of ordinary people, he is too weird and too different.
• At the University of Cambridge, where gentlemanship is a demeanor, he is dressed casually and even embarrassed;
• He never wears a tie;
• He is boring, not good at communication;
• He loves fingernails;
• He wears a gas mask, rides a bicycle, and sway through the city on campus.
The Hydrogel Screen Protector is made of imported material with TPU as the base material and is combined with hydrogel. It has super ductility and retractability, and can perfectly adapt to curved screens and screens with excessively curved edges, so as to fit perfectly without leaving white edges, and basically does not affect the touch experience. It has a strong and effective self-healing function, is impact-resistant, durable, and has better toughness, and has a certain buffering effect on the collision of sharp objects.
The Hydrogel Film is very thin. The responsive, ultra-thin design gives you a bare-bones experience. It's not as thick as a Tempered Glass Screen Protector, so the hydrogel screen protector won't affect the weight and feel of the phone.
In terms of hand feel, the Hydrogel Screen Protective Film has a hydrophobic and oleophobic treatment, so it slides relatively smoothly, and there is no problem in using APP or playing games. In addition, the liquid spilled on it can be slipped off by just tilting it, which is very easy to clean and maintain.
Ultra Hd Hydrogel Screen Protector,Hd Hydrogel Screen Protector Sheet,Hd Tpu Hydrogel Screen Protector,Mobile Phone Hd Screen Protector
Shenzhen TUOLI Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.szhydrogelprotector.com