Over the past decade, China's scientific research sector has experienced remarkable growth. This rapid development, while promising, has also led to various challenges—some visible and others hidden. To ensure sustainable progress, it is crucial to implement well-structured policies that can address these issues and prevent instability in both scientific advancement and economic development.
Our strategic research focuses on understanding the interconnections between different components of instrument science and technology, as well as their broader impact on China’s national economy, scientific research, defense, and social development. We recommend that the direction of instrument science should align with the evolution of high-end smart equipment manufacturing, with a particular emphasis on enhancing stability and reliability.
Aligning with high-end smart equipment manufacturing is essential. Compared to sectors like aviation, rail transit, and marine engineering, high-end smart equipment is seen as a foundational support in government documents. While Chinese enterprises have made significant strides in producing large-scale equipment—such as oilfield, construction, metallurgical, and chemical machinery—the domestic capability to manufacture advanced control systems or optimization solutions remains very limited. Although China is now Asia’s largest producer of instruments and meters after Japan, most domestic products are at the level of mid-1990s international standards. Mid-range and low-end products are widely available and of stable quality, but in high-tech and system-based instrumentation, China still faces a challenging position.
Sensors act as the “perception†of a system, similar to human senses; computers function as the “brain,†and actuators serve as the “body.†If any part is faulty, the entire system may fail. The same applies to industrial equipment. Currently, China’s equipment manufacturing industry lacks key elements such as chips, software, and display technologies, making instrumentation one of the most imported and trade-deficit segments in the industry.
Improving the stability and reliability of instrumentation is another critical challenge. As automation becomes more widespread, so do concerns about industrial safety. Major disasters such as the Bhopal gas leak, Exxon Valdez oil spill, and Chernobyl nuclear accident have highlighted the risks associated with automation. In China, incidents like the Shanghai subway accident and the high-speed rail collision have raised questions about the reliability of instrumentation. Functional safety technology and safety instrumentation have emerged as important solutions globally, aiming to prevent accidents that threaten human life and equipment. These technologies are now receiving attention from users, and many large petrochemical projects require functional safety assessments. However, many core technologies, including software and hardware, are still sourced internationally, which poses challenges for ensuring product stability.
The overall goal of China’s instrument science and technology discipline is to leverage the country’s rapid economic growth and market potential, combined with in-depth research in measurement and control technologies. By promoting new technologies and processes, we aim to master key design and production methods for various types of instrumentation. This will meet the growing needs across all sectors, reduce reliance on imports, expand exports, and narrow the technological gap by 3–5 years. By 2020, around 30% of products in fields such as sensors, medical devices, and specialized instrumentation are expected to reach international standards, with domestic production capacity in large projects exceeding 80%.
Instrumentation remains a vulnerable industry in China, lacking sufficient support. In the global market, especially after joining the WTO, it faces intense competition and risks of being phased out. However, the future remains promising. Currently, China’s scientific research is in a critical phase of transitioning from recovery to steady growth. The domestic and international research environment remains complex, requiring focused efforts to address key dilemmas: maintaining steady and rapid scientific development, accelerating structural adjustments in innovation, speeding up industrialization and urbanization, and strengthening energy conservation, emissions reduction, and environmental protection. Technological innovation must be supported by legal frameworks, with every stage of scientific projects—from investment to returns—being institutionalized and legally regulated.
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