A new way of lighting is approaching our lives, this is semiconductor lighting. When semiconductor lighting has been widely used in traffic lights, electronic screens, landscape lighting, etc., it has now blew its horn into the general lighting market.
At the China International Semiconductor Lighting Forum and Exhibition held in Shanghai at the end of August this year, Shi Hancan, general manager of Hong Kong Huagang Optoelectronics Group Co., Ltd. summarized this trend: "In 2007, there was a significant change in the semiconductor lighting industry. It is from the special application field to the field of civil lighting."
At present, the United States GE, the Netherlands Philips, Germany Osram three world lighting production giants have cooperated with semiconductor companies to form a semiconductor lighting company to seize the industrial commanding heights. The US Department of Energy research report suggests that in 2010, 55% of incandescent and fluorescent lamps in the United States will be replaced by semiconductor lamps. Some experts believe that by 2010, semiconductor lighting is expected to exceed fluorescent lamps and directly enter the general lighting field, which accounts for 15% to 20% of global power consumption.
In the view of Li Jintao, director of the Institute of Semiconductors of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in the country, the output value of the semiconductor lighting industry is expected to reach 100 billion yuan in 2010. Chen Lianghui, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, calculated this account. "If semiconductor lighting enters one-third of the lighting market in 2010, it can save 30% of electricity, that is, 100 billion kWh of electricity, which is equivalent to at least one power generation of the Three Gorges Project. the amount."
This prospect is very attractive.
Three or five years or ten years?
Semiconductor lighting is so favored because of its unique advantages: high efficiency, energy saving, environmental protection, safety, long life...
If you walk on a road in Nanjing at night, you may find that the light on the headlights seems to be spiritual. It just covers the entire road and will not "overflow" the road, leaving no light. "shadow".
"This is semiconductor lighting, it will not cause light pollution or waste, generally incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps can not do." Tsinghua University integrated optoelectronics laboratory director Luo Yi told reporters. Now, Tsinghua University is ready to use semiconductor lighting on campus lights. Today, street lighting in some cities in the south and the Pearl River Delta region is the semiconductor lighting product.
If you use this lighting method for your home, you may not see any fixtures, but only a ceiling that will illuminate, you can adjust the lighting source with the morning, noon, and nighttime changes, so that the indoor light environment is close to the moon and stars. Natural light such as the sun. When adjusting to the "star" state, the light inside the house is awkward. In the "moon" state, the interior is filled with cold "moon" light. In the "sun" state, the interior is exactly the same as the white.
How far is this wonderful idea from us?
In this regard, Luo Yi believes that "the next three or five years is an important period of development, semiconductor lighting will spring up in the general lighting field, but to truly occupy the market like incandescent lamps, it should take nearly ten years. time."
The "heart" of semiconductor lighting is its light source - a light-emitting diode (LED). In fact, LEDs have long existed. Traditional ordinary red and blue-green LEDs are mostly used in displays, traffic lights, consumer electronics, and landscape decoration. High-brightness, high-power white LEDs are fundamentally different from traditional LEDs. It can be said that high-power white LED is the key to igniting the dream of entering the general lighting market.
But this is also the weak link in the current technology to be broken. "At present, the best LED chips on the global market are very close to the standard of indoor lighting in terms of efficiency. However, there are still many aspects to be completed to make it a lamp." Luo Yi said.
In an office of Tsinghua University, Luo Yi showed reporters an LED - a small crystal-like thing, with two thin metal wires protruding from the end.
This little thing is worth a lot. Luo Yi told reporters that to make a semiconductor lighting product with a brightness equivalent to 40 watts of fluorescent lamps, 30 best LEDs are needed, and the cost is about 1,000 yuan. The reporter learned that the semiconductor lighting reading lamp, which is now launched in the European market, is priced at nearly RMB 2,000. When more than a dozen yuan lamps are on the market, such high prices are obviously difficult to accept by most families. The inability to expand the market means that costs cannot be reduced.
Moreover, high prices are not necessarily high quality. In theory, the electro-optic conversion efficiency of semiconductor lighting is close to 70%. However, at present, the electro-optical conversion rate of semiconductor illumination is only 30%, which does not reach the ideal degree of energy saving. Moreover, in terms of heat dissipation and driving in the diaphragm, There are technical deficiencies.
In Luo Yi's description, under the existing conditions, the white LEDs produced may have problems that are not soft enough and not uniform enough. "Maybe it is more dazzling than fluorescent lamps. Whether people can accept this kind of lighting effect is still a question mark. â€
a rare opportunity
However, although it needs to be improved in terms of cost, luminous efficiency, structural design, etc., whether it is three or five years or ten years, this is only a timetable issue.
"It will definitely be more and more energy efficient and more and more easy to use." Luo Yi said.
Li Jintao also seems quite confident about this. "The development speed of semiconductor lighting is basically 50% improvement in luminous efficiency every 18 months, and the cost is doubled. From the roadmap of semiconductor lighting schemes in the United States, it can be known that in 2007, white LEDs gradually entered universal In the city of lighting, some white LEDs will replace fluorescent lamps in 2010, and they will enter the main market including home lighting. China has surpassed the United States in the semiconductor lighting application market, and believes that it will occupy a large market share in home lighting in 2010. â€
There is also an exciting application for semiconductor lighting, which is combined with solar energy.
Since the voltage required for LEDs is only about 3.5 volts, it is easy to match the voltage generated by solar power. It can be “complementary†with the green power generated by solar energy and wind energy. Meng Xianyu, secretary general of the China Renewable Energy Society, put forward a beautiful idea: put solar panels in a house with sunlight, absorb solar energy during the day, convert it into electricity and send it to LEDs at night to let it shine. At the same time, these lights are irradiated on the solar panel to generate electricity, and light generates electricity, electricity generates light, and light generates electricity, so that it is endless and recycled.
Today, the energy-saving and emission-reduction situation is becoming more and more serious, and the semiconductor lighting industry is facing a rare development opportunity in China. China is the world's largest producer of lighting appliances and the second largest exporter of lighting appliances, and semiconductor lighting has initially formed a relatively complete industrial chain from epitaxial wafer production, chip fabrication, device packaging to integrated applications, especially for packaging. It has a considerable share in the international market, both in terms of market demand and industrial base.
In fact, as early as a few years ago, China officially implemented the “National Semiconductor Lighting Project†and established Xiamen, Dalian, Shanghai, Nanchang and other cities as the first batch of national semiconductor lighting engineering industrialization bases. In the national “Eleventh Five-Year Planâ€, it is also proposed to focus on promoting efficient and energy-saving lighting systems in public facilities and residential buildings.
More and more investors are smelling business opportunities. While local LED production capacity continues to expand, foreign investors have also increased their investment in China. At present, thousands of companies have gathered in this industry chain. Some experts predict that this number will continue to grow in the next few years as the home lighting market expands.
Industry chain defect
It is worth noting that in the industrial chain of semiconductor lighting, there are more than 50 LED epitaxial wafer production and LED chip preparation companies, and the rest are packaging and product application enterprises, of which about 600 have a certain scale of packaging enterprises. A large number of enterprises are concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the industrial chain such as packaging and product application, while few companies in the field of chips and lighting materials in the upstream of the industrial chain are involved, because the gap between us and the international advanced level is still obvious. Luo Yi told reporters that good domestic chips are basically imported from abroad.
In Li Jintao's view, the current large amount of equipment needs to be imported, resulting in high investment costs, affecting the manufacturing cost and market competitiveness of the products. Cultivate autonomy in the high-end LED technology field
Intellectual property is a top priority. At present, China is involved in many LED research and development institutes (mainly including Peking University, Tsinghua University, Institute of Semiconductors, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences), mainly relying on government investment, but from the perspective of industry and organization management, it faces decentralized and low-level research and development. Repeated construction, the scale of the company's filial piety in the middle and lower reaches of the industry, and insufficient joint research, how to fully integrate the use of these existing resources and avoid duplication of investment remains to be considered.
In the above forum, Shi Xiaocan proposed that although domestic semiconductor lighting companies have made great progress in the application field, due to the lack of key leading enterprises, with the current development situation, it is difficult for domestic enterprises to become the mainstream of semiconductor lighting in the next three to five years. The key driver of the application. Single-enterprise R&D investment is limited, and it is difficult to get a major breakthrough. Domestically, an application technology R&D transformation platform should be established. This platform is between research institutions and enterprises, and directly faces industrial development. This platform should absorb the technology and products that the research and development personnel of the research institute can produce on a large scale, and train the process technicians and related management personnel for the enterprise.
It is understood that the Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute is a product development organization established for this purpose. Although its LED-related team was established shortly, there have been many product transfer companies and large-scale production. This is an example worthy of reference on how to play the role of the market's main players.
Luo Yi brief introduction:
Professor of Electronic Engineering at Tsinghua University, the research project of "High Brightness GaN Blue Light Emitting Diode" conducted by the University of Tsinghua University has made significant progress in 2002, and has also achieved gratifying results in the industrialization of GaN-based LEDs in cooperation with Shandong Yingke Group.
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