绿色照明何时点亮中国

　　2006年底，北京市政府对天安门广场及东单和西单之间长安街沿线的照明系统进行了升级改造，总长8公里的道路两旁的水银华灯将全部更换为更加节能环保的电磁感应灯，改造工程将于2007年底前更换安装3000多盏节能灯。据介绍，与现有的水银华灯相比，节能灯的使用寿命将延长到10年，同时节电50％。这是北京市“绿色照明工程”的重要改造项目之一。

　　记者从北京节能环保中心了解到，北京从2004年11月开始实施“北京市绿色照明工程”，计划三年推广安装180万只节能灯。目前，全市已有超过1000座公共厕所、2000多所中小学校、地铁全线70座车站及城铁的114公里隧道更换了节能灯；市属50多家政府机构和部分宾馆、商厦、医院等也进行了节能改造。根据监测结果推算，180万只节能灯一年可节约用电3900万千瓦时，节约电费2800万元，减排二氧化碳38700吨、二氧化硫1164吨、氮氧化物1700吨。

　　墙内开花墙外香

　　首都北京的节能改造工程为推广绿色照明起到了有效的示范作用。但中国使用节能灯目前还仅仅出于工程示范和政府推广阶段。资料显示，我国照明用电约占社会总用电量的12％，白炽灯的使用量约为30亿只。据测算，用10瓦的节能灯取代亮度相近的60瓦的白炽灯，以全国推广使用12亿只、每只节能灯每天工作4小时计算，每年节省的电量相当于三峡电站全年发电量，也接近于一个中部省份的全年用电总量。

　　尽管有如此好的节电效果，但节能灯在我国的使用状况却并不理想。全球90%以上的节能灯在我国生产，可我国居民节能灯的使用率却不到20%，绝大多数节能灯产品用于出口。

　　为何能源稀缺大国却出现了节能灯“墙内开花墙外香”的现象？

　　记者在北京某大型超市的灯具柜台前作了一个随机调查。这里有2元的白炽灯、30元的“飞利浦”节能灯，最便宜的节能灯价格也在20元左右，是普通白炽灯的10倍。几位消费者在购买时都比较犹豫，向导购咨询过价格和性能后，最后大多数人还是选择了两块钱的白炽灯。

　　价格相差10倍，这笔账怎么算才合算？25瓦节能灯就可达到100瓦白炽灯的照明效果。以每天用5个小时计算，可以省下0.4度电，以每度电0.5元计算，一年就可以省下约70元。同时节能灯的使用寿命比白炽灯长许多，白炽灯的寿命为1000小时，节能灯则高达8000小时。

　　记者采访了正在选购节能灯的王女士，她在比较了几种灯具后最后还是买下了100瓦的白炽灯，她对记者说：“价格太高了，买一个节能灯可以买十个白炽灯。都说它省电，我也不知道是不是真的。而且，这种节能灯有些好像还容易坏。”

　　看来不是消费者不会算账，而是节能灯推广存在障碍。首先，它比普通白炽灯贵很多，由于宣传力度不够，很多消费者错误地认为“节能灯节电不省钱”；其次节能灯市场秩序有待规范，一些粗制滥造的光效低、寿命短、光衰快的节能灯也不断打击着消费者的信心；最后，政府缺少鼓励高效照明产品生产、使用的财政、税收优惠政策等。

　　政策支撑消除推广障碍

　　“生产大国、消费小国”是目前中国节能照明的现状。如同其他节能项目一样，在现阶段要解决节能灯推广障碍，还必须依靠政府力量。北京市“绿色照明工程”已经为照明节能的推广形成了一个良好的示范效应和可借鉴的经验。

　　第一，政府加强引导，加强宣传，提高了全社会对节能灯的认识。

　　第二，对节能灯的生产销售出台补贴政策。据了解，北京市政府针对“绿色照明工程”实施了补贴政策，北京节能环保中心全程负责，从工程的组织实施到补贴资金的拨付。

　　第三，严格监管。节能灯市场监管的漏洞是显而易见的。比如65瓦以上的大功率节能灯，目前尚没有国家标准，这使得技监部门在履行职责时处于“于法无据”的尴尬境地，也在一定程度上纵容了一些厂家的粗制滥造行为。在节能灯生产鱼龙混杂的情况下，政府部门通过整顿市场秩序、打击假冒伪劣产品，把影响节能灯“声誉”的产品赶出市场，则显得尤为重要。

4G CAT4 CPE

LTE CAT4/CAT6 Definition
The full name of LTE CAT is LTE UE-category, which is broken down to explain :LTE refers to 4G LTE network, UE refers to user equipment, and Category is translated as level. Smooth interpretation is the level of 4G LTE network transmission rate that user devices can support, which can also be said to be a technical standard for 4G network speed. Therefore, LTE CAT4/CAT6 means that the user device LTE network access capability level is 4 or 6.
Since the level is different, then its capabilities are certainly not the same, let's take a look at LTE CAT4/CAT6 affect what performance, respectively, what level. Simply put, LTE CAT affects the upper limit of 4G LTE uplink and downlink network speed, which is generally referred to as the maximum upload and download speed that a user device can achieve.
There are not only 4 and 6 levels in LTE CAT, but the table above is our list of currently known LTE CAT levels and the corresponding maximum transmission speed. Among them, LTE CAT4/CAT6 is also the current network transmission technology level of 4G mobile phones, while the faster CAT7 and CAT8 are still in the laboratory stage and have not been commercially developed.
Phones and chips that support LTE CAT4/CAT6
As far as the current 4G mobile phone market is concerned, most mobile phone products are CAT4 technology, and only a small number of new mobile phones use CAT6 technology, such as Huawei Honor 6, Samsung Galaxy S5 advanced version and LG G3 Cat6, and the concept of LTE CAT6 is proposed by Huawei Honor 6.
For the mobile phone LTE CAT4/CAT6 standard, it is directly linked to the mobile phone chip, or, if you know the processor of the mobile phone, you know which technology the mobile phone uses. For the current 4G mobile phone chips, only Huawei Kirin 920 and Qualcomm Snapdragon 805 processors for LTE CAT6, before this 4G chips are LTE CAT4, the future and Kirin 930, Qualcomm Snapdragon 808/810 will support LTE CAT6. Mediatek won't have LTE CAT6 chips until the second half of next year.
Qualcomm Snapdragon 805, 808, and 810 also support LTE CAT6
It is worth mentioning here that Qualcomm Snapdragon 805 and Kirin 920 are not the same in chip design, the LTE CAT6 baseband of Snapdragon 805 is an external Gobi MDM9x35, while Kirin 920 is a direct SoC integration, and the chip is integrated, this point Kirin 920 has ultra-high integration. It has certain advantages in power consumption and cost. As a leading international communications company, Huawei's strength can not be underestimated, but also the pride of our people.
The actual use value of LTE CAT6
Upload, download speed is our use of mobile Internet access the most concerned performance, but it should be clear that the LTECAT standard is the 4G transmission speed limit, and can not improve the transmission speed, in the operator's 4G network speed has not reached the next standard, simply raising the limit is meaningless. At present, the 4G networks of domestic operators are all LTE CAT4 standards, and the peak download speed is 150Mbps, but it is difficult to reach the upper limit of LTE CAT4 in practical applications, and even to reach 100Mbps is very difficult, so at this stage LTE CAT6 has no use value.
In terms of real life applications, LTE CAT6 is not as beautiful as we think. We can do a calculation, according to the formula 1MB/s=8Mbps, the maximum download speed of LTE CAT4 is 18.75MB/s, such a download speed, for 1080P video online playback has no pressure, even 4K online film source still can not occupy such a large bandwidth, So LTE CAT6 has no use either.
To sum up, LTE CAT6 does not have much use value at this stage, and the term is only a gimmick of manufacturers, until the operator 4G standard reaches LTE CAT6, I believe that LTE CAT6 equipment has long been popular. So as for whether the phone is LTE CAT4 or LTE CAT6, you don't have to care.

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