Monitoring the atmospheric quantitative pollutant robot is also an environmental expert

Field robots and surface-based remote sensing sensors can monitor the gases that affect climate change by observing the Earth and the atmosphere. The Field Flux robot, which has three large wheels and won't fall into the mud, can monitor the environmental pollution by monitoring a small amount of nitrous oxide (NO) in the soil using a sampler placed on its boom. jobs.

In-depth soil monitoring

Although people are more familiar with the effects of carbon dioxide in climate change, NO has the potential to make global warming 300 times higher than carbon dioxide. In other words, the destruction capacity of a molecule of NO is comparable to that of 300 molecules of CO.

Professor Lars Bakken, a microbial ecologist from the University of Norway's College of Life Sciences, said: "There is a huge difficulty in quantifying NO emissions because their values ​​vary greatly from time to place." Currently, Professor Bakken is working with a Norwegian family. A company called Adigo collaborated to find a way to monitor NO emissions and reduce emissions in the NORA project.

“This is why we are doing field robots. If you want to quantify NO emissions in a field, you have to measure them repeatedly on a piece of land,” the professor said.

(The picture shows the Field Flux robot prototype, picture source: NORA)

The use of field robots can greatly improve work efficiency. A land that would have required 27 hours of manual inspection can take only one hour to complete the test. This method is very important in controlling NO because it allows farmers to carry out soil work when necessary. When the soil is not well exposed to the air (such as heavy rain or the soil is very tight in real time), some soil microorganisms (mostly bacteria) use nitrogen oxides instead of oxides to breathe, producing NO. But there are still a small number of bacteria that can be absorbed by the respiration of NO because they have a special enzyme, NO reductase. Researchers at the NORA project found that the enzyme disappeared due to excessive acidity in the soil or insufficient copper ions in the soil.

Asa Frostegard, another professor at the Norwegian University School of Life and a collaborator with the Marie Skodowska-Curie Actions project, said: "We explored the biological activities of these microbes and studied their biochemical processes that produce NO. The results show that between different microorganisms The way they work is very different."

(Source: ADIGO)

These findings may help farmers reduce NO pollution by changing soil acidity or soil copper ion content. This means that we can use iron-magnesium-rich rocks or minerals in our farming to neutralize soil acidity, rather than using traditional lime-leading methods that cause NO pollution.

Observations on the sky

The task of monitoring particles entering the atmosphere (called aerosols) is equally daunting. The ITaRS project, led by the European Union's Marie Skodowska-Curie Actions and led by the University of Cologne, Germany, is using a remote sensor equipped with an aircraft in conjunction with ground-based measurement technology to monitor when clouds may form precipitation. Maria Barrera, an expert in lidar and microwave radiometers at the ITaRS project, said: "One of the main uncertainties in the atmosphere model is the way clouds and aerosols interact in the atmosphere. We don't even know the details of cloud formation."

The formation of clouds requires particles, such as dust or water vapor, as condensation nuclei. The increased accuracy of ground and airborne monitoring techniques provides researchers with updated data that allows them to better understand the atmospheric environment. For example, what are the conditions for the formation of a storm? How was it formed? Barrera said: "My measurement method can be applied to the data assimilation process of the weather forecast. You get feedback on the atmospheric state, and you can get the prediction result by model calculation."

With this technology invented by the ITaRS project, researchers can answer some scientific questions about atmospheric events. For example, under what conditions of humidity, pressure, and condensation, can clouds form rainfall? With the help of passive microwave sensors and radar technology, the answer to this question has become more scientific.

The data provided by the ITaRS project not only enhances our understanding of atmospheric behavior, but also helps us reduce uncertainty in climate prediction models, which allows us to better understand the process of climate change.

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