Huawei has taken the limelight to win the 5G short-code solution: 5G technology standard China!

According to reports, at 0:45 am local time on November 17th, at the just-concluded 3GPP RAN1 87 meeting of the 5G short-code program discussion, China's Huawei company's Polar Code (Polarization Code) program, from the United States LDPC, France's main push Turbo2.0 two competitors stand out, become the 5G control channel eMBB scene coding scheme, and LDPC code becomes the uplink and downlink short code scheme of the data channel. Previously, the 5G medium long code coding confirmation scheme was LDPC.

Huawei has taken the limelight to win the 5G short-code solution: 5G technology standard China!

Huawei won the 5G short code solution

China won 5G half of the country

It is understood that since the discussion of short codes is divided into control channels and data channels, each company has comprehensively analyzed several candidate codes from the perspectives of performance, implementation complexity, and feasibility. Some media reports said that the discussion at the meeting was extremely fierce, and almost all companies were involved. Among them, Huawei's proposal supports 59 companies. Even in the early hours of the morning, the participants who were concerned about the coding scheme were still full, and they could only stand by and watch the "war" without smoke.

Huawei has taken the limelight to win the 5G short-code solution: 5G technology standard China!

Finally, for the control channel, since the use of HARQ does not avoid the problem of large delay, the superior performance of the Polar code defeats the LDPC and the TBCC, and finally becomes the coding scheme for the uplink and downlink of the control channel. The uplink and downlink short code schemes of the data channel still consume the LDPC code.

Prior to October 14th, the 5G medium long code encoding scheme was confirmed in Lisbon. The final winning scheme was LDPC, which also marked the end of the dominant position of Turbo codes used in 3G and 4G for more than a decade. It is understood that behind the 5G three major coding candidate technologies is the real battle between the three countries: the United States led the LDPC with Qualcomm, the French main push Turbo2.0, and China's Huawei-led Polar code.

Huawei has taken the limelight to win the 5G short-code solution: 5G technology standard China!

5G medium long code encoding confirmation scheme is LDPC

In the communications industry, the top of the communications industry pyramid is not equipment manufacturing capabilities, commercial capabilities, but standards. A country has a voice in communication standards, which means that the country has a voice and industry chain in the global communications industry. First-mover advantage, while coding and modulation is known as the crown of communication technology, it is also the core of communication technology core, reflecting the overall strength of a national communication science basic theory.

The 3G standard dispute and the game of commercial process have given students a profound lesson. The commercialization of WCDMA and CDMA2000 in the international market has accelerated, which has made China's TD-SCDMA encounter difficulties from the industrial chain to the market.

Some media commented that TD-SCDMA is the first time that Chinese communication technology has caught up with the world. For the first time, the development of TD-LTE technology has become one of the mainstream technologies in the world. However, the core long code code Turbo code and short code tail bit convolution code are not original Chinese technologies.

Now, the Polar code led by China's Huawei company has finally broken the ceiling. This is not only the return of China's years of careful research in the field of basic communications, but also the portrayal of China's comprehensive strength in the field of communication technology.

Three coding candidates

Due to the interference and fading of mobile communication, errors will occur in the signal transmission process. Therefore, the digital signal must be corrected and error-detected, that is, the error correction and error detection coding technology is used to enhance the data to resist various interferences when transmitted in the channel. Ability to improve system reliability. The error correction and error detection coding for the digital signal to be transmitted in the channel is channel coding.

Huawei has taken the limelight to win the 5G short-code solution: 5G technology standard China!

In 1948, Shannon, the founder of modern information theory, published "The Mathematical Theory of Communication", marking the creation of the discipline of information and coding theory. According to Shannon's theorem, in order to reliably transmit a signal in a channel with bandwidth determined and noisy, there are two ways: to increase the signal-to-noise ratio or to add an additional error-correcting code to the signal coding.

Huawei has taken the limelight to win the 5G short-code solution: 5G technology standard China!

Shannon

The Turbo code is a concatenated code first proposed by Claude. Berrou et al. in 1993. The basic principle is that the encoder parallelizes two component encoders through an interleaver, and the two component encoders respectively output corresponding check bit bits; the decoder performs iterative decoding between the two component decoders. The external information of the positive feedback is removed between the component decoders, so that the entire decoding process is similar to Turbo. Therefore, this encoding method is aptly called the Turbo code. Turbo codes have excellent error correction performance, performance is close to the Shannon limit, and the complexity of the compiled code is not high.

Huawei has taken the limelight to win the 5G short-code solution: 5G technology standard China!

Turbo encoder structure

The LDPC code, Low Density Parity Check Code (LDPC), is a class of linear block codes with sparse check matrices proposed by Dr. Robert G. Gallage in 1963, which not only approximates the Shannon limit. Good performance, low decoding complexity and flexible structure are the research hotspots in the field of channel coding in recent years. They have been widely used in deep space communication, optical fiber communication, satellite digital video and audio broadcasting. LDPC codes have become strong competitors in wireless communication systems, and LDPC code based coding schemes have been adopted by the next generation satellite digital video broadcasting standard DVB-S2.

The polarization code was first proposed by Professor Erdal Arikan of Bilken University in Turkey in 2008. The paper theoretically proves for the first time that the polarization code can be “reached” under the binary input symmetric discrete memoryless channel. Shannon capacity, and has a low coding and decoding complexity.

At present, the polarization code is the only channel coding technology that can theoretically prove to reach the Shannon limit and has practical linear complexity coding and decoding capabilities. The core of the polarization code structure is the processing of "channel polarization". On the encoding side, the coding method is used to make each subchannel exhibit different reliability. When the code length continues to increase, some channels will tend to be close to the capacity. The perfect channel of 1 (no error), the other part of the channel tends to a purely noisy channel with a capacity close to zero, and the direct transmission of information on a channel with a capacity close to 1 to approximate the channel capacity. On the decoding side, the polarized channel can be decoded by a simple successive interference cancellation decoding method to obtain performance close to the maximum natural decoding with a lower implementation complexity.

Prior to the 3GPP discussion, Polar Code was tested in China's IMT-2020 (5G) Propulsion Group 5G Phase 1 field test, including the performance of still and mobile scenarios.

The test results show that the dynamic selection of the use of polarization coding and the decoding algorithm achieves stability in the scenario of short packets (large connection IoT scenarios) and long packets (high-speed mobile scenarios such as low-traffic delays such as autopilot). The performance gain improves the spectrum efficiency of the existing cellular network by 10%, and also combines with millimeter wave to reach a rate of 27 Gbps. The measured results prove that the polarization code can simultaneously satisfy the ITU's ultra-high rate, low latency, and large connection movement. Internet and Internet of Things three major application scenarios.

What is more noteworthy is that the LDPC code has been submitted for the earliest time, and its related patents have expired or nearly expired, and the polarization code is the youngest. Its related patents are even more unique.

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